![]() The FAA Instrument Procedures Handbook (H-8038-16B) states that a “circling only” approach is required if: The rule allows two hours flying time for airplanes with three or more engines.įor Part 91 operations in a twin, perhaps consider a take-off alternate with acceptable weather no more than 100 to 140 miles between the departure airport and alternate airport when faced with a takeoff visibility less than landing visibility.Īnother way that runway markings could affect us are straight-in landings. ![]() Such an operation under FAR 121.617 would require a “take-off” alternate within one hour flying time for two engine airplanes with one engine inoperative. While it would be legal to take-off with an RVR of 500 feet, landing back at Orlando wouldn’t be allowed due to a higher landing visibility minimum for ILS CAT I. ![]() With both CLs and HIRLs, the visibility required drops to RVR 5 without requiring RCLMs. Furthermore, in airline operations with OpSpecs approval, takeoff minima can be further reduced to RVR 10 with Runway Centerline Markings (RCLM) and High Intensity Runway Lights (HIRL) or Centerline Lights (CL). However, the minimum can be reduced to a visibility of one-quarter mile (or RVR 16) with “Adequate Vis Ref.” While the FAA does not define what “adequate visual reference” means, it probably refers to the ability of the pilot to maintain the runway centerline during the take-off. Using Orlando International Airport (KMCO) as an example, standard take-off minima require a visibility of one mile (or RVR 50) for one and two engine airplanes and a visibility of one-half mile (or RVR 24) for three and four engine aircraft. This is not the case for airline operations (Part 121). Take-off MinimumsĪs Part 91 pilots, under IFR we are legally able to take off in zero-zero conditions, though that’s probably not a wise nor safe decision. Let’s explore in more detail runway markings and their relationship to instrument operations. “runway numbers” and centerline markings. ![]() Perhaps we take runway markings for granted simply because we expect them. Needless to say, I’m referring to paved runways, not grass strips nor waterways for seaplanes. Of the many critical items, one that often gets neglected is runway markings-literally the “paint” on the runway, as opposed to runway and taxi lights and signs. As instrument pilots we are aware of many things that are important to safe flying. ![]()
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